प्रिय मित्रों
प्रगामी अर्क सीबीएसई की AISSCE 2019 (कक्षा 12) के लिए विभिन्न विषयों की तैयारी हेतु एक्सक्लूसिव टिप्स लेकर आया है। यह टिप्स विषय विशेषज्ञों के द्वारा तैयार किए गए हैं। अपने आप में विश्वास रखें समय प्रबंधन के अनुसार सही दिशा में प्रयास करें। हमारी शुभ कामनाएं आपके साथ रहेंगी।
TIPS FOR SCORING GOOD MARKS IN BUSINESS STUDIES
Cracking an examination is a skill that can be acquired. As with studying, scoring good marks too is a combination of managing one’s time well and applying the right method.
Here are some guidelines that one can follow while attempting to write an exam.
- Answer the question as it is asked.
Read the question at least twice before answering. Also make sure to tackle all sub-sections of a question.
- Use the marks as a guide
The examination paper mentions the marks each question carry. Use these mark as a rough
guide as to how long their answers ought to be. Do not expand an answer more than is
relevant. This will save a lot of time which can be used while writing a Long-Answer
question.
- Avoid writing irrelevant points
- While writing an answer, focus on the nature of the question asked.
- Answering something that is irrelevant to the question, no matter how good a description it
is, will not only waste time but also be given low marks.
- Budget your time
Don’t dwell too much on a particular question as you may run short of time in attempting remaining questions. Even if you beautifully explain an answer in detail ,one can only score the maximum marks allocated to that question. If facing difficulty in answering a question, move on to other questions and return to the former later.
Answer in points
In B.Studies,until and unless asked otherwise, you should always answer the question in points with heading and explanation.The marking scheme gives half mark for heading and
half for its dscription.
- Check and double-check
Always keep some time for revision while budgeting time. In the rush to complete the paper, some basic spelling mistakes or forgotten,
half-attempted questions may spoil all the
effort.
Utilizing first fifteen minutes time
You should utilize the first fifteen minutes judiciously to go through the complete paper to
plan your strategy instead of going for a few questions in deep.
Bottom to Top
In order to crack the application based questions apply this approach of bottom to top.
First study what has been asked in the question.Then start reading the situation given.This will help you in focusing on the concerned topic or chapter instead of wandering through all the twelve chapters.
Read the question carefully
To avoid the premature evaluation of question read carefully what has been asked.Is it
function or functions,concept,limitation ,etc.Be attentive of the letter “s “.This will help
you in finding one or more functions,values or concepts.
Don’t miss value based question
Never miss the values in a hurry to attempt the main answer.
Answer it in complete sentence taking help of the lines given in the question.
Remember few values like-
Social responsibility, concern for society ,Patriotism ,kindness ,honesty ,tolerance
,empathy,harmony,co-operation,faithfulness,loyality,women
empowerement,initiative,etc.
- Do not leave out any Question.
Answer those questions first, which you know very well.·
While trying to understand ‘·HOTS’ questions keep in mind chapter-wise
allotment of marks for each chapter. Sometimes this helps to guess the chapter
from which the hots question is given.
Especially in case of Application Oriented Questions (HOTS), read· Hindi medium
version also, it may give you some clue. It also removes the vagueness in the
English language.
Refer latest CBSE sample question papers along with previous year’s Board exam paper·
Maintain a separate small hand – book to write only sub-headings for all the·
concepts in the subject. It helps as a ready- reckoner.
Read summaries given at the end of each chapter to get a comprehensive idea about·
the given chapter. Hots can be given from summaries also.
Refer ‘High scoring students’ answer sheets available in the CBSE web site.·
Believe in yourself. Set a goal for yourself.·
Accordingly set a timetable for yourself.·
Identify a limited number of direct questions which usually come in the exams· &
prepare them well.
Apply· FRT (Fast reading technique) i.e. to revise more in less time.
- Presentation: Be particular about how you write the answers. It should always be in
points with a heading and a brief explanation.
- Also be careful not to spend too much time on 1 question at the cost of other
questions.
Wherever any· process is asked to be explained, write all the steps involved,
irrespective of the marks allotted to that question.
- Underline all the sub-headings.
- Attempt ‘HOTS’ questions at the last.
- Utilize the QP paper reading time to plan writing strategies instead of trying to write
answers in advance.
compiled by-Mrs.Anubha Soni
best of luck
Subject-English
Exclusive Tips For Scoring Good Marks in English Core
1.Attempt all the questions.
2.Manage your time so that you can complete the paper 10 minutes before.
3. Stick to the word limit.
4. Start with the section you are confident with.
SECTION-A.
READING COMPREHENSION
STRATEGIES FOR ATTEMPTING COMPREHENSION
1- Read the title.
2- Quickly skim through the questions. This will help you to predict what the passage/ poem
is about. It will help you to read and understand its contents with more clarity and will
keep your mind focused on its theme.
3- Focus on the questions that test vocabulary skills. Read the antonym/synonym given. Look
at the numbers of the paragraphs. Write each word against its respective paragraph. This
gives you a ready reference and helps you to identify the word in the passage / para while
reading.
4- While reading do the following:
a. Underline the content words
b. Underline the possible answers of the given questions. It will help you to identify the
answers faster.
c. Encircle the words that are answers for the vocabulary. Normally a noun for noun, a
verb for a verb and an adverb for an adverb etc.
5- Answer the questions –
a. The underlined content will help you to find the answer.
b. If confused between two words:
Choose the word of the same part of speech / form
Read the sentence with the word in the question in place of the ones you are choosing
from the passage.
6- Additional tips:
a. Write clearly and neatly.
b. Keep in mind the marks allotted to each question.
c. Do not leave any question unanswered
NOTE – MAKING
STRATEGIES FOR ATTEMPTING NOTE MAKING1. Read the passage thoroughly.
. Find the title/Heading of the passage (Read the first/last paragraph for the title).
. Underline the main points &supporting details.
Find out the chief division of the passage &use them for Main-headings..
Find the sub-headings &write them under the Main-headings.
Circle the longer words or those often repeated words & abbreviate them.
Organise the information systematically.
*NOTE:
Do not write in complete sentences; use words/phrases only.
Underline the HEADING&SUB-HEADING.
How to form Abbreviations:
(a) Capitalized Initial Letters: eg: W.H .O, L.I.C
(b) The first few letters & the last few letters of the word:eg:
Advertisement-advt., government-govt.
(c) Taking first &last letters of the words: -eg. Reading-rdng. Education-edn
(d)Contractions of word-:eg:will not -won’t; do not -don’t
Universally recognized SYMBOLS used-eg: viz.-namely; eg.-for example
. Make a box for writing the abbreviations.(Use atleast-4 abbreviations.)
Put the complete word& its abbreviation in the box.
SUMMARISING
Use the NOTES made to draft the summary.
Join the points & make them into complete sentences.
Write short sentences.
Join the sentences using words like-and;not only; but also;such that;more over
Follow the word limit. (80 words.)
Marking Scheme:
Distribution of Marks
Note making
Title 1 Mark
Content (minimum 3 headings and sub-headings, with proper indentation and notes) 3 marks
Abbreviation/Symbols (with key) – any four 1 mark
Summary
The summary should include all the important points given in the notes.
Content 2 marks
Expression 1 mark
sentences are used. They are logically and cohesively linked together with the help of suitable
linkers. Do not use abbreviations and symbols.
SECTION-B (ADVANCED WRITING SKILLS)
NOTICE – WRITING (4 MARKS)
INTRODUCTION-Notices-where used: schools, organisations, government boards.
-why used- to inform people about various events, issue, &public instructions.
Important points to be followed:
*Use the word “NOTICE” followed by the name of the organization/institute.
*Write the date on the left hand side.(eg.18th July 2016)
*Give a suitable heading to the notice.
*Content should contain the following-event, date, place, time)
*Conclude the notice with name (signature),&post(designation)
*Write it in a box
*Follow 50 words -limit.
: MARKING SCHEME
*Format-must include the word “NOTICE,”Date, Heading,Writer’sname,&post- (1Mark)
*Content-answers the question “What”,”When”, “Where”& “How”etc.-(2Marks)
*Expression-relates to the overall organization &relevance of the content besides grammatical
accuracy & fluency.(1Mark)
POSTER – MAKING
A poster is used to spread awareness regarding a social issue, an event or a product.
IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER:
Give a heading.
Write a catchy line/slogan.
Remember to illustrate your poster with a sketch.
There is no fixed lay out.
Use convincing language.
Follow the word limit.(50 words)
CONTENT: should convey the message clearly.
For awareness of a Social Problem:
* heading
* the problem& its causes.
* effects of the problem.
* solutions to the problem.
* any other additional information.
For an Event:
*name of event
*purpose
*date , time, venue
*organiser’s name
*entry ticket
*highlights of the event
*any other relevant information
MARKING SCHEME
FORMAT: 1Mark
CONTENT:2Marks
EXPRESSION:1 Mark
ADVERTISEMENT
TYPES OF ADVERTISEMENT
Classified Display/General
Main Characteristics of Classified Advertisements:
They are categorised into columns according to different classes. The category is stated at
the top.
They are written in short catchy phrases and words.
The language used is simple, factual and formal.
They are short, concise and to the point.
All the relevant information is provided.
Contact name and address is given.
They are written in a box to attract attention.
Marking Scheme
Format – 1 Mark
Content expression – 2 Marks
Expression – 1 Mark
DISPLAY/GENERAL ADvERTISEMENTS
Main Characteristics of Commercial Advertisements:
Designed for display purpose.
More space, more expensive in terms of the advertising costs.
Visually attractive- varying font size or shape.
Language colourful and lucid,catchy slogans, punch lines, witty expressions and pictures
or sketches.
Necessary Details:
Name of the company/ institute/ organisers, etc.
Details regarding the product/ event/ educational course etc.
Special offers of discount, if any
Address of the company/ institute/organisers, etc
FORMAL INVITATIONS AND REPLIES
Invitations are extended to relatives, friends, acquaintances and clients on a number of social
occasions like marriages, births, engagements, deaths or other public functions.
Invitations are of two types. – 1) Formal Invitations 2) Informal Invitation
While formal invitations are sent for the above mentioned occasions, many people also send a
handwritten informal invitation beforehand to make these occasions more personal, cordial and
intimate as is appropriate to their relationship.
Replying to invitations is essential. It is an essential courtesy to the host who has extended an
invitation and also helps the host know how many guests will arrive so that he she may make
arrangements accordingly.
Like the invitations, replies to invitations also may be:-
formal replies
Informal replies
Formal Invitations:-
Formal invitations are sent in offical capacity for public functions except in the case of Marriage/
Anniversaries.
A simple yet elegant printed card is preferred.
Invitations are written in the third person.
Example:- Mrs. and Mr .S Surendran request the pleasure ofyour company /Mr. and Mrs.
Rajkumar…………
Avoid use of abbreviations for the names of guests, days, dates. However, the abbreviations
RSVP. (Respondez s’il vous plait) which means ‘Please Reply’ is put at the bottom.
The subject matter is written in the centre setting. Details like address, dress code or any
other instructions are written at the bottom to the left or the right as per choice or
convenience.
Important Points
The invitation is laid out so that each of the following is in a separate line:
the name(s) of the host (s) issuing the invitation
the standard expression ‘request the pleasure of the company of ………….’
the reason for the invitation.
the time and date of the event.
the venue of event
In case a VIP is to be invited (at an official function), his/her name appears prominently
In case of Printed cards, the name of the invitee may not figure in the invitation.
The date of issuing the invitation is not mentioned.
No punctuation is required at the end of a line.
The simple present tense is used.
FORMAT OF FORMAL INVITATIONS
Host Line
Invite Line
Event Line
DATE
TIME
VENUE
Name of the
Chief Guest
with
Designation
His Consent
Accepting the Invitation (Formal)
Format (Formal Reply)
Sender’s address/
letter head
Date
……………………
……………………
……………………
……………………
……………………………………………………………………………………….
Content
Reply to Informal Invitations : –
It is an essential courtesy to reply to an invitation. The layout of a reply to an informal invitation
is also informal, like the invitation.
The reply is written in the first person. The salient points in the reply to an informal invitation
are:-
acknowledging the invitation
mention acceptance/ refusal (It is essential to give a reason for refusing an invitation.)
making use of warm and simple language.
LETTER WRITING
FORMAL LETTERS
Formal Letters have a variety of purposes. Formal Letters are written to:
Ask for/give information
Apply for a job
Make inquiries
Register complaints about inadequate goods or services
Place orders/send appropriate replies
Apologize for behaviour
Solicit new customers for grievances
Persuade others
Make an appeal for help
Send a recommendation
However, all of these letters have a common goal, which is to get the results you want from
someone you may or may not know personally.
IMPORTANT POINTS
The formal letter is written in formal language. Try to avoid starting with ‘I’. Keep sentence
short and to the point. Do not use contractions.
End with a short sentence that anticipates the response of the addressee.
The tone in formal letter is polite and impersonal.
Use passive voice where possible.
Be brief and to the point; do not beat about the bush.
Be clear and specific; state the purpose clearly and concisely.
Be positive and polite even if you are writing a complaint. Remember on the receiving
end of your letter is a human being!
Business letters
These include:
(i) Letters of enquiry/asking for information
(ii) Replying to enquiry/giving information
(iii) Placing orders and sending replies
(iv) Cancelling orders
A business letter is the basic means of communication between two companies. It is a document
typically sent externally to those outside a company, but is also sent internally to those within a
company.
A business letter should be written whenever you need a permanent record that you have sent
the information requested for, because business letters are generally sent to other professionals.
A formal salutation and closing must be added.
They are different from personal letters in form, tone and content. Most business letters have a
formal tone as opposed to the informal, friendly or personal tone, content and style of the personal
letter. The treatment of the subject has to be simple, systematic and formal.
IMPORTANT POINTS
begin by identifying yourself
clearly state the purpose of writing
give relevant details
make a request for appropriate action
be positive and polite – even if you are making a complaint
use polite language and a pleasant tone
Quote reference numbers, order number, cheque/demand draft number, file numbers, etc.
convey message briefly and in a straightforward manner
Official Letters
These include:
Letters of complaint
Making inquiries
iii. Making requests/appeals
Official letters are written to various public or civil servants who generally head their respective
departments, sections, branches or zones.
Important points
Show due respect but do not flatter or sound too servile
Clearly state the purpose of writing
Use polite language and a pleasant tone
Letters to the Editors
These letters give suggestions/create awareness on an issue of public interest or an issue already
raised in an article/write-up/published letter.
Important Points
Begin with reference to the recent development/event/issue
Give details of the topic bringing out cause-effect relationship
Offer suggestions/solutions
Do not ask the editor to solve the problem as he can only voice your views and ideas.
Job Applications
These types of letters demand a very formal and precise treatment. Their format is almost the
same as that of the forwarding cover letter and is usually accompanied by a curriculum vitae/
resume. The curriculum vitae/resume ought to include the name, address, name, date of birth,
educational qualifications, experience, hobbies, expected salary and Reference .
ARTICLE WRITING
Articles and speeches express the personal opinion of the writer and present information
on a variety of themes.
FORMAT:
Write the HEADING/TITLE at the top.
Write the name of the writer below it.
Split your subject matter into 3-4 paragraphs.
(i) Paragraph-1: Introduction-briefly tell what the Article is about, giving some startling fact
or quotation to arouse interest.
(ii) Paragraph-2&3: Develop the cause and effect of the problem. Give statistical data to support
your views. Compare and contrast.
(iii) Paragraph-4 : Conclusion.Briefly offer suggestions and solutions to improve the situation.
Predictions and personal observation may be included.
Systematic presentation of ideas is a must.
Pay attention to grammatical accuracy and use of good vocabulary.
Use sentence linkers to ensure continuity-eg .consequently, similarly, finally, moreover, etc.
Avoid irrelevant information and repetition.
Follow word limit (150-200 words)
Marking scheme
FORMAT: (title &writer’s name) 1mark
CONTENT: (4MARKS)
EXPRESSION: (5marks)
Grammatical accuracy, appropriate words and spellings (2 1/2marks)
Coherence and relevance of ideas and style (2 1/2marks)
DEBATE/SPEECH
DEBATE
The purpose of making a debate/ speech is to convey information orally to a large gathering
of people strongly and convincingly.
FORMAT Includes the topic (For/Against) SALUTATION, greeting the chief guest and fellow
speakers or listeners.
-Begin with “Honourable Chairperson, judges, teachers and my dear friends, I stand before you
to express my views for/against the motion on the topic…….”
CONTENT: Express your views about the topic .
-Compare, contrast and sum up highlighting your viewpoint.
-use LANGUAGE that is persuasive and powerful using the expressions like-I vehemently
disapprove of, I strongly feel, in my opinion, may I ask…..etc.
SPEECH: must reflect CLARITY of thought, accuracy of facts and balanced view.
At the end write “THANK YOU”.
Follow the word limit
.MARKING SCHEME
FORMAT: (title &writer’s name) 1mark
CONTENT: (4MARKS)
EXPRESSION: (5marks)
Grammatical accuracy, appropriate words and spellings (2 1/2marks)
Coherence and relevance of ideas and style (2 1/2marks
Report Writing
A report can be a brief note or a complete detailed information about an event that has taken
place in the past.
Types of Reports
– For News Paper
– For Magazine
POINTS to Remember
– Be brief and to the point.
– Report an event in the order in which things happend.
– Should be always written in Past Tense (Magazine) and a mixture of tenses (for News Paper).
Format for Magazine
Heading by
Content Split into 3-4 paragraph.
1st Para :-What/Where/When/for Whom, who is invited.
2nd Para :- Sequence of the event to be described.
3rd Para : – Quote excerpts from Chief Guests Speech and Conclusion.
FORMAT FOR NEWS PAPER
HEADLINE
BY _________________
Date : ______________________
Place : _____________________
1st Para :-Expansion of the headline.
2nd Para :- Detailed description of the event/ happening.
3rd Para : – Remakrs of the witness/people present at the event.
MARKING SCHEME
FORMAT: (title &writer’s name) 1mark
CONTENT: (4MARKS)
EXPRESSION: (5marks)
Grammatical accuracy, appropriate words and spellings (2 1/2marks)
Coherence and relevance of ideas and style (2 1/2marks
TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
Extracts from poems and questions based on it (4marks)
Short Answer type questions from flamingo and Vistas. (3×4=12 marks)
In short answers do use the key words. For e.g. Why didn’t Franz want to go to school that day. The answer should include key words such as fine weather, didn’t do his homework, late for school
Distribution of marks:
Content: 2 marks.
Expression: 1 mark (deduct ½ a mark for two or more grammatical/spelling mistakes.)
Long Answer questions from Flamingo and Vistas (6 marks) – based on theme incidents and characters and extrapolation.
MARKING SCHEME
Content -4 marks
Expression -2marks
LONG READING TEXT
THE INVISIBLE MAN – H G WELLS
Major Characters
Griffin
Dr. Kemp
Thomas Marvel
Minor Characters
The Halls
.
Teddy Henfrey
Fearenside
Cuss
Mr. And Mrs. Bunting
Other people in the town who appear briefly in the story but have no particular
characterization:
Huxter; Wadgers
The blacksmith
Jaffers
The village constable
The mariner; Colonel Adye
Questionare Based on the Plot/Theme/Event
Note:- Marks distribution
Content -3
Expression 3
Question based on character sketch
Note:- Marks distribution
Content 3
Expression 3
Questions on plot
Some examples
Arrival of Griffin at Coach and Horses
Luggage brought by Fearenside
Burglary at Buntings
Interview with Dr.Cuss
Ruckus at Coach and Horses
Meeting with Marvel
Jolly cricketers
Meeting with Kemp
Recollections
Kemp’s endeavour to trap Griffin
Griffin’s death
Suggested distribution of time
Reading section -50 minutes
Writing section
Short composition- 10 minutes
Letter -10 minutes
Report/ Article -15 minutes
Debate /Speech -15 minutes
Short questions on poem 5 minutes
Short questions from vistas and Flamingo -15 minutes
Long answer type question from Flamingo -10 minutes
Long answer type question from Vistas -10 minutes
Two questions from Novel 10 +10 =20 minutes.
Rest 20 minutes for recapitulation.
Compiled by –Mrs.Madhuri Rajguru Sanjeev
Mrs.Molly Paul
All the Best